Pediatric Kidney Transplant in Uropaties

In 1954 Murray performed the first truly successful pediatric kidney transplant from one homozygous twin to another (Murray et al., 1958). In 1966 Kelly reported a kidney transplantation in a patient with dysfunctional bladder who had undergone ileal segment urinary diversion (Kelly et al., 1966). Until that time, patients with ESRD and untreatable dysfunctional urinary tract were excluded from renal transplant programs. At that time, it was believed that the renal allograft connected to a dysfunctional bladder would run the same risk as the native kidneys, that is, the result would be again renal insufficiency (Sheldon et al., 1994).